Students with a non-Dutch background more likely to attend HAVO or VWO
Among pupils who were born in another country, the difference from the average percentage remained approximately equal: 51 percent of them were advised to follow the HAVO or VWO track in 2022/’23, compared to 47 percent eleven years earlier.
| Schooljaar | Total pupil population (% of school pupils in year 8) | Born in the Netherlands, both parents born in the Netherlands (% of school pupils in year 8) | Born in the Netherlands, 1 parent born in another country (% of school pupils in year 8) | Born in the Netherlands, both parents born in another country (% of school pupils in year 8) | Born in another country (% of school pupils in year 8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011/'12 | 54.3 | 56.8 | 56.1 | 37.6 | 46.5 |
| 2012/'13 | 52.8 | 55.2 | 54.3 | 36.6 | 46.3 |
| 2013/'14 | 51.7 | 53.9 | 54.2 | 36.4 | 45.0 |
| 2014/'15 | 51.3 | 53.5 | 52.9 | 36.2 | 45.9 |
| 2015/'16 | 53.5 | 55.5 | 55.3 | 39.9 | 46.8 |
| 2016/'17 | 56.5 | 58.6 | 58.4 | 43.2 | 48.6 |
| 2017/'18 | 56.9 | 58.8 | 59.1 | 45.4 | 48.0 |
| 2018/'19 | 56.4 | 58.5 | 57.8 | 45.2 | 47.2 |
| 2019/'20 | 53.3 | 55.3 | 54.1 | 42.1 | 44.3 |
| 2020/'21 | 57.2 | 58.9 | 59.4 | 47.7 | 48.6 |
| 2021/'22 | 57.0 | 58.4 | 59.3 | 48.1 | 50.6 |
| 2022/'23* | 57.3 | 58.8 | 58.8 | 48.8 | 51.0 |
| * provisional figures | |||||
Sharpest increases among second-generation pupils with a Moroccan background
The share increase was the highest among second-generation pupils in year 8 of primary school whose parents were born in Morocco, from 34 percent advised for HAVO or VWO in 2011/'12 to 50 percent in 2022/'23. Second-generation pupils with a Dutch-Caribbean or Turkish background were the least likely to receive a HAVO or VWO advice (36 percent and 43 percent, respectively), while those with an Indonesian or European background were the most likely to receive this (63 percent and 62 percent, respectively).Pupils with a Dutch-Caribbean and Surinamese background represented the smallest share of all pupils born in another country who received an advice for HAVO or VWO (27 percent and 29 percent, respectively). The increase was the highest among pupils born in Turkey, from 30 percent in 2011/’12 to 67 percent in 2022/’23.
| Schooljaar | Total student population (% of students in their third year) | Born in the Netherlands, both parents born in NL (% of students in their third year) | Born in the Netherlands, one parent born abroad (% of students in their third year) | Born in the Netherlands, both parents born abroad (% of students in their third year) | Born in another country (% of students in their third year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011/'12 | 46.7 | 49.3 | 48.7 | 29.6 | 39.1 |
| 2012/'13 | 46.7 | 49.2 | 49.3 | 29.9 | 39.4 |
| 2013/'14 | 46.2 | 48.4 | 49.2 | 30.2 | 40.0 |
| 2014/'15 | 45.9 | 48.1 | 47.7 | 30.6 | 40.0 |
| 2015/'16 | 45.8 | 47.8 | 48.1 | 31.7 | 40.9 |
| 2016/'17 | 46.3 | 48.2 | 49.3 | 32.7 | 40.7 |
| 2017/'18 | 47.4 | 49.2 | 49.6 | 34.3 | 43.0 |
| 2018/'19 | 47.9 | 49.6 | 49.8 | 36.0 | 43.4 |
| 2019/'20 | 48.7 | 50.5 | 50.9 | 36.8 | 42.9 |
| 2020/'21 | 49.8 | 51.4 | 52.6 | 39.4 | 43.0 |
| 2021/'22 | 49.4 | 50.9 | 51.8 | 40.1 | 44.2 |
| 2022/'23 | 48.3 | 49.4 | 50.5 | 40.1 | 45.2 |
| 2023/'24* | 49.0 | 50.2 | 50.6 | 40.8 | 46.3 |
| 1)HAVO or VWO incl. the 3rd year of general secondary education 2)secondary education excl. vocational education * provisional figures | |||||
Second-generation students more likely to attend HAVO or VWO
In the 2023/'24 academic year, 49 percent of students in the third year of secondary school attended HAVO or VWO. This share also increased among students with a non-Dutch background, but most of all among second-generation students whose parents were born in another country. It rose from 30 percent in the 2011/’12 academic year to 41 percent 11 years later.During the same period, the share also increased among those who were born in another country and attended HAVO or VWO, from 39 percent to 46 percent. As with the secondary school advice in year 8 of primary school, the share of those who attended HAVO or VWO was the lowest among students whose parents were born in the Dutch Caribbean or Turkey.
Pass rates fell more rapidly among the majority of students with a non-European background
In the 2022/’23 academic year, 86 percent of HAVO and VWO students passed there school leaving exams. That was less than it was in previous years. Students with a Turkish (69 percent), Moroccan (70 percent), Surinamese (74 percent) and Dutch-Caribbean (79 percent), or other non-European background (78 percent) were less likely than average to pass their HAVO or VWO exams.
During the corona pandemic (the 2019/‘20 and 2020/’21 academic years), special measures were taken for the final exams, resulting in high pass rates. Since then, pass rates have declined; in the 2022/’23 academic year they returned to the level of 2011/’12. The share of students in the five groups of different ethnic origin having the lowest pass rates has fallen more rapidly than average since the pandemic and is lower than it was in 2011/'12, with the exception of students with a Turkish background.
| Schooljaar | Total (% of students in their final year) | Europe (excl. NL) (% of students in their final year) | Turkey (% of students in their final year) | Morocco (% of students in their final year) | Suriname (% of students in their final year) | Dutch Caribbean (% of students in their final year) | Indonesia (% of students in their final year) | Other non-European (% of students in their final year) | Netherlands (% of students in their final year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011/'12 | 86.9 | 85.6 | 64.7 | 74.1 | 75.6 | 83.7 | 84.0 | 79.8 | 88.6 |
| 2012/'13 | 89.6 | 88.9 | 70.7 | 78.5 | 81.5 | 86.3 | 87.8 | 83.2 | 91.0 |
| 2013/'14 | 88.7 | 87.9 | 68.6 | 77.9 | 78.9 | 87.0 | 84.4 | 83.4 | 90.0 |
| 2014/'15 | 89.4 | 88.4 | 74.9 | 77.5 | 80.7 | 87.6 | 86.8 | 83.3 | 90.8 |
| 2015/'16 | 89.6 | 88.6 | 74.2 | 79.1 | 79.6 | 88.3 | 86.2 | 85.0 | 90.9 |
| 2016/'17 | 88.7 | 88.7 | 74.1 | 76.3 | 78.8 | 82.3 | 84.2 | 82.9 | 90.2 |
| 2017/'18 | 89.2 | 88.6 | 72.5 | 77.4 | 80.3 | 82.1 | 84.1 | 82.9 | 90.8 |
| 2018/'19 | 89.3 | 89.1 | 76.4 | 76.0 | 79.2 | 82.9 | 85.6 | 83.9 | 90.8 |
| 2019/'20 | 98.1 | 97.7 | 95.4 | 95.4 | 97.3 | 97.5 | 96.9 | 97.2 | 98.4 |
| 2020/'21 | 92.1 | 91.2 | 78.0 | 78.7 | 85.3 | 87.7 | 86.1 | 86.4 | 93.8 |
| 2021/'22 | 91.5 | 91.0 | 78.1 | 79.7 | 83.4 | 88.0 | 89.2 | 86.2 | 93.2 |
| 2022/'23* | 86.1 | 86.0 | 69.3 | 69.8 | 73.7 | 79.0 | 82.3 | 77.7 | 88.6 |
| * provisional figures | |||||||||