For highest level of education, the International Standard Classification of Education was used as the basis. Three levels are distinguished: lower, medium and high education level. The lower education level includes Groups 1 through 8 (all years) of primary and special primary education plus the first three years of senior general secondary education (HAVO) and pre-university secondary education (VWO); the various pathways of prevocational secondary education (VMBO) including lower secondary vocational training and assistant’s training (MBO-1). The medium education level includes upper secondary education (HAVO/VWO), basic vocational training (MBO-2), vocational training (MBO-3), and middle management and specialist education (MBO-4). Higher education refers to associate degree programmes, higher education (HBO/WO) Bachelor programmes; 4-year education at universities of applied sciences (HBO); Master degree programmes at universities of applied sciences and at research universities (HBO, WO); and doctoral degree programmes at research universities (WO).
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