Supply and use by products of activity; National Accounts

Supply and use by products of activity; National Accounts

Products of activity and other items Periods Value at current prices Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure Total (million euros) Value at current prices Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure Households and NPISHs (million euros) Value at current prices Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure General government (million euros) Value at prices of 2021 Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure Total (million euros) Value at prices of 2021 Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure Households and NPISHs (million euros) Value at prices of 2021 Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure General government (million euros) Volume changes on previous year Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure Total (%) Volume changes on previous year Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure Households and NPISHs (%) Volume changes on previous year Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure General government (%) Price indices Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure Total (2021=100) Price indices Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure Households and NPISHs (2021=100) Price indices Use of goods and services Final consumption expenditure General government (2021=100)
A-U All goods and services 2023* 734,322 470,231 264,091 645,859 409,907 235,997 1.7 0.9 2.9 113.7 114.7 111.9
A Agriculture, forestry products 2023* 10,553 10,553 0 9,282 9,282 . -0.2 -0.2 . 113.7 113.7 .
01 Products of agriculture, hunting.. 2023* 10,313 10,313 0 9,081 9,081 . -0.2 -0.2 . 113.6 113.6 .
011-013 Crops and planting material 2023* 9,532 9,532 0 8,455 8,455 . 0.1 0.1 . 112.7 112.7 .
014 Live animals and animal products 2023* 781 781 0 628 628 . -3.2 -3.2 . 124.5 124.5 .
016 Agricultural and animal husbandry.. 2023* 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . .
02 Products of forestry, logging and.. 2023* 33 33 0 31 31 . 0.0 0.0 . 106.5 106.5 .
03 Fish and other fishing products.. 2023* 207 207 0 171 171 . -3.5 -3.5 . 121.2 121.2 .
B-E Mining, manufacturing products.. 2023* 203,437 191,551 11,886 173,026 162,005 11,054 -1.0 -1.5 5.9 117.6 118.2 107.5
B Mining and quarrying 2023* 9,090 9,042 48 5,625 5,577 53 -6.7 -6.9 36.4 161.6 162.1 90.3
05 Coal and lignite 2023* 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . .
06 Crude petroleum and natural gas 2023* 8,942 8,894 48 5,491 5,443 53 -6.8 -7.0 36.4 162.8 163.4 90.3
07 Metal ores 2023* 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . .
08 Other mining and quarrying products 2023* 148 148 0 136 136 . -2.1 -2.1 . 108.7 108.7 .
09 Mining support services 2023* 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . .
C Manufacturing 2023* 173,862 166,638 7,224 151,935 145,172 6,770 -0.7 -1.1 8.5 114.4 114.8 106.7
10-12 Food, beverages and tobacco 2023* 61,128 61,128 0 50,833 50,833 . -2.8 -2.8 . 120.3 120.3 .
10 Food products 2023* 46,458 46,458 0 37,608 37,608 . -3.4 -3.4 . 123.5 123.5 .
101-102 Fish and meat 2023* 10,663 10,663 0 8,701 8,701 . -1.7 -1.7 . 122.5 122.5 .
103 Processed and preserved fruit.. 2023* 5,401 5,401 0 4,468 4,468 . -4.1 -4.1 . 120.9 120.9 .
104 Vegetable and animal oils and fats 2023* 1,160 1,160 0 816 816 . -3.5 -3.5 . 142.2 142.2 .
105 Dairy products 2023* 6,389 6,389 0 4,922 4,922 . -2.6 -2.6 . 129.8 129.8 .
106-107 Grain, starches, baker products 2023* 9,108 9,108 0 7,282 7,282 . -5.9 -5.9 . 125.1 125.1 .
108 Other food products 2023* 11,417 11,417 0 9,503 9,503 . -2.9 -2.9 . 120.1 120.1 .
109 Prepared animal feeds 2023* 2,320 2,320 0 1,907 1,907 . -4.5 -4.5 . 121.7 121.7 .
11 Beverages 2023* 6,486 6,486 0 5,791 5,791 . -0.4 -0.4 . 112.0 112.0 .
12 Tobacco products 2023* 8,184 8,184 0 7,452 7,452 . -1.2 -1.2 . 109.8 109.8 .
13-15 Textiles, wearing apparel, leather 2023* 26,030 26,030 0 23,400 23,400 . -1.9 -1.9 . 111.2 111.2 .
13 Textiles 2023* 3,697 3,697 0 3,216 3,216 . -4.4 -4.4 . 115.0 115.0 .
14 Wearing apparel 2023* 17,805 17,805 0 15,939 15,939 . -1.6 -1.6 . 111.7 111.7 .
15 Leather and related products 2023* 4,528 4,528 0 4,246 4,246 . -1.1 -1.1 . 106.6 106.6 .
16-18 Wood, paper and printing services 2023* 3,989 3,989 0 3,399 3,399 . -5.2 -5.2 . 117.4 117.4 .
16 Wood, wood and cork products ... 2023* 1,645 1,645 0 1,451 1,451 . -5.9 -5.9 . 113.3 113.3 .
17 Paper and paper products 2023* 2,328 2,328 0 1,934 1,934 . -4.6 -4.6 . 120.4 120.4 .
18 Printing and recording services 2023* 16 16 0 13 13 . -22.2 -22.2 . 121.0 121.0 .
19 Coke and refined petroleum products 2023* 11,453 11,453 0 10,504 10,504 . 2.0 2.0 . 109.0 109.0 .
20-21 Chemicals, pharmaceutical products 2023* 16,240 11,144 5,096 14,879 10,087 4,785 3.2 0.8 8.4 109.1 110.5 106.5
20 Chemicals and chemical products 2023* 7,609 7,609 0 6,781 6,781 . -0.4 -0.4 . 112.2 112.2 .
21 Basic pharmaceutical products and.. 2023* 8,631 3,535 5,096 8,097 3,308 4,785 6.3 3.4 8.4 106.6 106.9 106.5
22-23 Rubber, plastics and other.. 2023* 4,811 4,811 0 3,813 3,813 . -9.1 -9.1 . 126.2 126.2 .
22 Rubber and plastics products 2023* 3,210 3,210 0 2,415 2,415 . -12.0 -12.0 . 132.9 132.9 .
23 Other non-metallic mineral products 2023* 1,601 1,601 0 1,401 1,401 . -3.6 -3.6 . 114.3 114.3 .
24-25 Basic metals and metal products 2023* 2,722 2,722 0 2,343 2,343 . -3.0 -3.0 . 116.2 116.2 .
24 Basic metals 2023* 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . .
25 Fabricated metal products, except.. 2023* 2,722 2,722 0 2,343 2,343 . -3.0 -3.0 . 116.2 116.2 .
26-27 Electrical and electronic products 2023* 15,635 13,515 2,120 14,507 12,526 1,976 0.4 -0.9 8.7 107.8 107.9 107.3
26 Computer, electronic and optical.. 2023* 9,841 7,782 2,059 9,435 7,511 1,918 2.7 1.2 8.8 104.3 103.6 107.4
27 Electrical equipment 2023* 5,794 5,733 61 5,080 5,022 58 -3.5 -3.6 3.4 114.1 114.2 105.3
28 Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 2023* 875 875 0 829 829 . 1.8 1.8 . 105.6 105.6 .
29-30 Transport equipment 2023* 15,238 15,230 8 13,630 13,621 9 7.6 7.6 33.3 111.8 111.8 85.7
29 Motor vehicles, trailers and.. 2023* 12,179 12,179 0 10,848 10,848 . 8.8 8.8 . 112.3 112.3 .
30 Other transport equipment 2023* 3,059 3,051 8 2,781 2,772 9 3.1 3.1 33.3 110.0 110.1 85.7
31-33 Other manufactured goods, repair 2023* 15,741 15,741 0 13,812 13,812 . -1.7 -1.7 . 114.0 114.0 .
31-32 Furniture, other manufacturing 2023* 15,615 15,615 0 13,701 13,701 . -1.7 -1.7 . 114.0 114.0 .
31 Furniture 2023* 8,496 8,496 0 7,118 7,118 . -4.6 -4.6 . 119.4 119.4 .
32 Other manufactured goods 2023* 7,119 7,119 0 6,596 6,596 . 1.9 1.9 . 107.9 107.9 .
33 Repair and installation services.. 2023* 126 126 0 110 110 . -7.1 -7.1 . 114.0 114.0 .
D Electricity and gas supply 2023* 11,870 11,853 17 7,846 7,832 14 -1.4 -1.4 -6.3 151.3 151.3 120.9
35 Electricity, gas, steam and air.. 2023* 11,870 11,853 17 7,846 7,832 14 -1.4 -1.4 -6.3 151.3 151.3 120.9
E Water supply and waste management 2023* 8,615 4,018 4,597 7,792 3,581 4,210 -0.3 -2.5 1.6 110.6 112.2 109.2
36 Natural water; water treatment and.. 2023* 1,765 1,765 0 1,499 1,499 . -3.1 -3.1 . 117.8 117.8 .
37-39 Waste management 2023* 6,850 2,253 4,597 6,292 2,082 4,210 0.4 -2.1 1.6 108.9 108.2 109.2
F Construction 2023* 936 324 612 803 280 522 -1.9 -9.5 2.5 116.5 115.5 117.3
41 Buildings and building construction.. 2023* 300 0 300 257 . 257 1.4 . 1.4 116.9 . 116.9
42 Constructions and construction works 2023* 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . .
43 Specialised construction works 2023* 636 324 312 546 280 265 -3.4 -9.5 3.5 116.4 115.5 117.7
G-I Trade, transport and vehicles repair 2023* 67,208 64,775 2,433 57,248 54,985 2,259 5.5 5.7 2.4 117.4 117.8 107.7
G Wholesale and retail trade 2023* 12,084 12,084 0 10,499 10,499 . 3.6 3.6 . 115.1 115.1 .
45 Wholesale and retail trade and.. 2023* 11,477 11,477 0 9,965 9,965 . 4.0 4.0 . 115.2 115.2 .
46 Wholesale trade services, except.. 2023* 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . .
47 Retail trade services, except of.. 2023* 607 607 0 533 533 . -3.3 -3.3 . 113.9 113.9 .
H Transportation and storage 2023* 13,820 11,470 2,350 11,518 9,323 2,185 5.0 6.1 0.0 120.0 123.0 107.6
49 Land transport services and.. 2023* 6,889 4,550 2,339 6,334 4,144 2,189 6.6 8.1 3.8 108.8 109.8 106.8
50 Water transport services 2023* 234 234 0 222 222 . 38.7 38.7 . 105.5 105.5 .
51 Air transport services 2023* 5,164 5,164 0 3,563 3,563 . 7.8 7.8 . 144.9 144.9 .
52 Warehousing and support services.. 2023* 745 734 11 645 646 8 -4.5 7.7 -89.1 115.5 113.6 133.2
53 Postal and courier services 2023* 788 788 0 733 733 . -17.6 -17.6 . 107.5 107.5 .
I Accommodation and food services 2023* 41,304 41,221 83 35,229 35,158 75 6.3 6.1 294.7 117.2 117.2 110.7
55 Accommodation services 2023* 10,581 10,560 21 9,077 9,058 19 8.3 8.3 0.0 116.6 116.6 110.5
56 Food and beverage serving services 2023* 30,723 30,661 62 26,145 26,094 . 5.6 5.4 . 117.5 117.5 .
J Information and communication 2023* 15,217 14,818 399 15,131 14,758 373 0.4 0.4 -2.8 100.6 100.4 106.9
58-60 Publishing, audio-visual.. 2023* 5,771 5,376 395 5,337 4,968 369 0.3 0.6 -2.8 108.1 108.2 107.0
58 Publishing services 2023* 4,272 4,271 1 3,951 3,950 1 1.4 1.4 0.0 108.1 108.1 100.0
59-60 Audio-visual and broadcasting 2023* 1,499 1,105 394 1,386 1,018 368 -2.5 -2.4 -2.8 108.1 108.6 107.0
59 Motion picture, video and television 2023* 413 412 1 365 364 1 0.3 0.3 0.0 113.2 113.2 100.0
60 Programming and broadcasting services 2023* 1,086 693 393 1,021 654 367 -3.5 -3.9 -2.8 106.4 106.0 107.0
61 Telecommunications services 2023* 8,173 8,173 0 8,593 8,593 . 0.4 0.4 . 95.1 95.1 .
62-63 Computer and information services 2023* 1,273 1,269 4 1,200 1,196 4 0.3 0.3 0.0 106.1 106.1 100.0
62 Computer programming, consultancy.. 2023* 226 226 0 205 205 . 1.9 1.9 . 110.3 110.3 .
63 Information services 2023* 1,047 1,043 4 995 991 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 105.2 105.2 100.0
K Financial institutions 2023* 37,903 37,903 0 29,824 29,824 . -1.9 -1.9 . 127.1 127.1 .
64 Financial services, except. 2023* 15,753 15,753 0 2,664 2,664 . -4.3 -4.3 . 591.4 591.4 .
65 Insurance, reinsurance and pension.. 2023* 21,259 21,259 0 26,508 26,508 . -1.0 -1.0 . 80.2 80.2 .
66 Services auxiliary to financial.. 2023* 891 891 0 845 845 . -1.0 -1.0 . 105.4 105.4 .
L Real estate activities 2023* 80,206 75,693 4,513 76,048 71,728 4,320 1.3 1.2 1.6 105.5 105.5 104.5
68 Real estate services 2023* 80,206 75,693 4,513 76,048 71,728 4,320 1.3 1.2 1.6 105.5 105.5 104.5
M-N Business services 2023* 24,944 23,862 1,082 21,950 21,002 947 5.3 5.6 -0.2 113.6 113.6 114.2
M Vrije beroepen en.. 2023* 6,084 5,578 506 5,474 5,018 456 0.2 0.4 -2.1 111.1 111.2 110.9
69-71 Management, technical consultancy 2023* 4,965 4,480 485 4,508 4,068 440 0.4 0.0 4.6 110.1 110.1 110.2
69-70 Legal and management consultancy 2023* 4,766 4,281 485 4,334 3,894 440 0.2 -0.2 4.6 110.0 109.9 110.2
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


This table contains data from national accounts on the supply and use of goods and services by groups products of activities. Domestic production and imports make up the supply of goods and services. The use of goods and services consist of intermediate consumption, the consumption, fixed capital formation, exports and changes in inventories.

Data available from 2021.

Status of the figures:
Data of 2021-2022 are final. Data from 2023 are provisional.

Changes as of June 24th 2024:
This is a new table. Statistics Netherlands has carried out a revision of the national accounts. The Dutch national accounts are recently revised. New statistical sources, methods and concepts are implemented in the national accounts, in order to align the picture of the Dutch economy with all underlying source data and international guidelines for the compilation of the national accounts. This table contains revised data. For further information see section 3.


When will new figures be published?
Provisional data are published 6 months after the end of the reporting year. Final data are released 18 months after the end of the reporting year.

Description topics

Value at current prices
The values are expressed at prices of the reporting period. Alternatively, values may be expressed at constant prices. In this case, prices of a reference period are used.
Use of goods and services
The use of different kinds of product. A distinction is made between intermediate consumption by industry and final expenditure. Final expenditure is broken down into exports, final consumption expenditure by households, final consumption expenditure by general government, gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories. Used products are valued at purchasers' price which is the price of a product paid by the purchaser.
Final consumption expenditure
Expenditure on goods or services that are used for the direct satisfaction of individual or collective needs. Expenses may be made at home or abroad, but they are always made by resident institutional units, that is households or institutions residing in the Netherlands. By definition only households, non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and government institutions consume. Enterprises do not: expenses they make on goods and services are thought to serve production and are therefore classified as intermediate consumption of fixed capital formation. The general government is a special case. The government also has intermediate consumption, just like enterprises. But the output delivered by the government which is not directly paid for, non-market output (like safety), is classified as consumption by the general government. It is said that the government 'consumes its own production'. The system of national accounts demands that all that is produced is also consumed (or serves as an investment). By convention, government output is consumed by the government itself. This is not the only consumption by the general government. It also contains social transfers in kind. In the Netherlands this mainly concerns health care bills paid for by the government and an allowance for the rent.

Total
Households and NPISHs
Consumption expenditure by households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Not all expenses made by households are seen as consumptive, households may invest as well. These investments mainly concern the purchase of houses and substantial costs on maintenance. Small costs on maintenance, indoor painting and the purchase of furniture is classified as consumption. This also applies to the purchase of cars and car maintenance.
General government
Consumption expenditure by the general government sector. The output delivered by the government which is not directly paid for, non-market output (like safety), is classified as consumption by the government. It is said that the government 'consumes its own production'. The system of national accounts demands that all that is produced is also consumed (or serves as an investment). By convention, government output is consumed by the government itself. This is not the only consumption by the general government. Purchases by general government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households as social transfers in kind are part of government consumption as well. Examples of this in the Netherlands are health care bills paid for by the government and an allowance for the rent.

Government output consumed by the government is classified into collective consumption and individual consumption. Collective consumption by the government consists of services for collective consumption that are provided simultaneously to all members of the community. Examples of this are expenses on defence, environmental health or public governance. Individual consumption is made up of expenses that serve only part of the community. This concerns mainly education.
Value at prices of 2021
The values are expressed at prices of the reference period 2021 by taking account of inflation. Alternatively, values may be expressed at prices of the reporting period.
Use of goods and services
The use of different kinds of product. A distinction is made between intermediate consumption by industry and final expenditure. Final expenditure is broken down into exports, final consumption expenditure by households, final consumption expenditure by general government, gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories. Used products are valued at purchasers' price which is the price of a product paid by the purchaser.
Final consumption expenditure
Expenditure on goods or services that are used for the direct satisfaction of individual or collective needs. Expenses may be made at home or abroad, but they are always made by resident institutional units, that is households or institutions residing in the Netherlands. By definition only households, non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and government institutions consume. Enterprises do not: expenses they make on goods and services are thought to serve production and are therefore classified as intermediate consumption of fixed capital formation. The general government is a special case. The government also has intermediate consumption, just like enterprises. But the output delivered by the government which is not directly paid for, non-market output (like safety), is classified as consumption by the general government. It is said that the government 'consumes its own production'. The system of national accounts demands that all that is produced is also consumed (or serves as an investment). By convention, government output is consumed by the government itself. This is not the only consumption by the general government. It also contains social transfers in kind. In the Netherlands this mainly concerns health care bills paid for by the government and an allowance for the rent.

Total
Households and NPISHs
Consumption expenditure by households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Not all expenses made by households are seen as consumptive, households may invest as well. These investments mainly concern the purchase of houses and substantial costs on maintenance. Small costs on maintenance, indoor painting and the purchase of furniture is classified as consumption. This also applies to the purchase of cars and car maintenance.
General government
Consumption expenditure by the general government sector. The output delivered by the government which is not directly paid for, non-market output (like safety), is classified as consumption by the government. It is said that the government 'consumes its own production'. The system of national accounts demands that all that is produced is also consumed (or serves as an investment). By convention, government output is consumed by the government itself. This is not the only consumption by the general government. Purchases by general government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households as social transfers in kind are part of government consumption as well. Examples of this in the Netherlands are health care bills paid for by the government and an allowance for the rent.

Government output consumed by the government is classified into collective consumption and individual consumption. Collective consumption by the government consists of services for collective consumption that are provided simultaneously to all members of the community. Examples of this are expenses on defence, environmental health or public governance. Individual consumption is made up of expenses that serve only part of the community. This concerns mainly education.
Volume changes on previous year
The weighted average of the changes in the quantity and quality of the components of a certain goods or service transaction or balancing item, annual percentage changes.
Use of goods and services
The use of different kinds of product. A distinction is made between intermediate consumption by industry and final expenditure. Final expenditure is broken down into exports, final consumption expenditure by households, final consumption expenditure by general government, gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories. Used products are valued at purchasers' price which is the price of a product paid by the purchaser.
Final consumption expenditure
Expenditure on goods or services that are used for the direct satisfaction of individual or collective needs. Expenses may be made at home or abroad, but they are always made by resident institutional units, that is households or institutions residing in the Netherlands. By definition only households, non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and government institutions consume. Enterprises do not: expenses they make on goods and services are thought to serve production and are therefore classified as intermediate consumption of fixed capital formation. The general government is a special case. The government also has intermediate consumption, just like enterprises. But the output delivered by the government which is not directly paid for, non-market output (like safety), is classified as consumption by the general government. It is said that the government 'consumes its own production'. The system of national accounts demands that all that is produced is also consumed (or serves as an investment). By convention, government output is consumed by the government itself. This is not the only consumption by the general government. It also contains social transfers in kind. In the Netherlands this mainly concerns health care bills paid for by the government and an allowance for the rent.
Total
Households and NPISHs
Consumption expenditure by households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Not all expenses made by households are seen as consumptive, households may invest as well. These investments mainly concern the purchase of houses and substantial costs on maintenance. Small costs on maintenance, indoor painting and the purchase of furniture is classified as consumption. This also applies to the purchase of cars and car maintenance.
General government
Consumption expenditure by the general government sector. The output delivered by the government which is not directly paid for, non-market output (like safety), is classified as consumption by the government. It is said that the government 'consumes its own production'. The system of national accounts demands that all that is produced is also consumed (or serves as an investment). By convention, government output is consumed by the government itself. This is not the only consumption by the general government. Purchases by general government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households as social transfers in kind are part of government consumption as well. Examples of this in the Netherlands are health care bills paid for by the government and an allowance for the rent.

Government output consumed by the government is classified into collective consumption and individual consumption. Collective consumption by the government consists of services for collective consumption that are provided simultaneously to all members of the community. Examples of this are expenses on defence, environmental health or public governance. Individual consumption is made up of expenses that serve only part of the community. This concerns mainly education.

Price indices
The weighted average of the price changes of the components of a certain variable. Deflators relative to the reference year 2021.
Use of goods and services
The use of different kinds of product. A distinction is made between intermediate consumption by industry and final expenditure. Final expenditure is broken down into exports, final consumption expenditure by households, final consumption expenditure by general government, gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories. Used products are valued at purchasers' price which is the price of a product paid by the purchaser.
Final consumption expenditure
Expenditure on goods or services that are used for the direct satisfaction of individual or collective needs. Expenses may be made at home or abroad, but they are always made by resident institutional units, that is households or institutions residing in the Netherlands. By definition only households, non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and government institutions consume. Enterprises do not: expenses they make on goods and services are thought to serve production and are therefore classified as intermediate consumption of fixed capital formation. The general government is a special case. The government also has intermediate consumption, just like enterprises. But the output delivered by the government which is not directly paid for, non-market output (like safety), is classified as consumption by the general government. It is said that the government 'consumes its own production'. The system of national accounts demands that all that is produced is also consumed (or serves as an investment). By convention, government output is consumed by the government itself. This is not the only consumption by the general government. It also contains social transfers in kind. In the Netherlands this mainly concerns health care bills paid for by the government and an allowance for the rent.
Total
Households and NPISHs
Consumption expenditure by households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Not all expenses made by households are seen as consumptive, households may invest as well. These investments mainly concern the purchase of houses and substantial costs on maintenance. Small costs on maintenance, indoor painting and the purchase of furniture is classified as consumption. This also applies to the purchase of cars and car maintenance.
General government
Consumption expenditure by the general government sector. The output delivered by the government which is not directly paid for, non-market output (like safety), is classified as consumption by the government. It is said that the government 'consumes its own production'. The system of national accounts demands that all that is produced is also consumed (or serves as an investment). By convention, government output is consumed by the government itself. This is not the only consumption by the general government. Purchases by general government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households as social transfers in kind are part of government consumption as well. Examples of this in the Netherlands are health care bills paid for by the government and an allowance for the rent.

Government output consumed by the government is classified into collective consumption and individual consumption. Collective consumption by the government consists of services for collective consumption that are provided simultaneously to all members of the community. Examples of this are expenses on defence, environmental health or public governance. Individual consumption is made up of expenses that serve only part of the community. This concerns mainly education.