Energy balance sheet; supply and consumption, sector

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Energy commodities Sectors From supply Total Primary Energy Supply (PJ) From supply Indigenous production (PJ) From supply Receipts of energy (PJ) From supply Deliveries of energy (-) (PJ) From supply Stock change (PJ) From supply Statistical differences (PJ) From consumption Total energy consumption (PJ) From consumption Energy transformation Total net energy transformation (PJ) From consumption Energy transformation Net electricity/CHP transformation (PJ) From consumption Energy transformation Net other transformation (PJ) From consumption Own use (PJ) From consumption Distribution losses (PJ) From consumption Final energy consumption (PJ) From consumption Non-energy use (PJ)
Total energy commodities Total energy sector and final users 2,612.4 883.1 18,661.4 16,989.3 60.3 -3.1 2,615.5 375.2 264.5 110.7 182.4 25.8 1,584.0 448.2
Total energy sector 481.4 562.9 7,748.0 7,850.3 20.9 481.4 277.9 187.8 90.1 177.8 25.8
Total final users of energy 2,134.1 320.2 10,913.4 9,138.9 39.4 2,134.1 97.3 76.6 20.7 4.7 1,584.0 448.2
Total coal and coal products Total energy sector and final users 158.2 310.9 148.7 -3.9 158.2 130.2 90.9 39.3 12.7 14.0 1.3
Total energy sector 140.7 228.0 83.5 -3.7 140.7 128.0 88.7 39.3 12.7
Total final users of energy 17.5 82.9 65.2 -0.2 17.5 2.2 2.2 14.0 1.3
Total crudes/petroleum products, fossil Total energy sector and final users 1,086.8 43.0 12,580.8 11,616.6 79.6 1,086.8 86.6 20.2 66.3 102.5 517.9 379.9
Total energy sector 160.5 19.6 4,237.7 4,149.7 52.8 160.5 58.0 11.7 46.3 102.5
Total final users of energy 926.3 23.4 8,343.1 7,467.0 26.8 926.3 28.6 8.6 20.0 517.9 379.9
Natural gas Total energy sector and final users 928.8 354.7 4,299.3 3,692.4 -28.9 -3.9 932.7 389.2 379.0 10.2 21.8 0.0 454.7 67.0
Total energy sector 263.5 354.0 2,826.4 2,888.7 -28.2 263.5 241.7 226.0 15.7 21.8 0.0
Total final users of energy 669.2 0.7 1,472.9 803.7 -0.7 669.2 147.5 152.9 -5.5 454.7 67.0
Renewable energy Total energy sector and final users 376.9 407.2 658.5 702.2 13.5 0.0 376.9 290.9 276.7 14.2 86.0
Total energy sector 162.0 149.7 55.8 43.6 0.0 162.0 162.0 156.0 6.0
Total final users of energy 214.9 257.5 602.6 658.7 13.5 214.9 128.9 120.6 8.3 86.0
Electricity Total energy sector and final users -20.4 701.9 723.0 0.8 -21.2 -436.5 -436.5 30.9 18.1 366.3
Total energy sector -253.8 366.1 619.9 -253.8 -298.2 -298.2 26.3 18.1
Total final users of energy 232.7 335.8 103.1 232.7 -138.3 -138.3 4.7 366.3
Heat Total energy sector and final users 104.8 104.8 -166.4 -138.3 -28.1 14.5 7.6 144.3
Total energy sector -31.0 34.0 65.0 -31.0 -53.2 -36.0 -17.2 14.5 7.6
Total final users of energy 31.0 70.9 39.9 31.0 -113.3 -102.3 -10.9 144.3
Total other energy commodities Total energy sector and final users 82.1 78.2 5.3 1.4 82.1 81.2 72.5 8.8 0.9
Total energy sector 39.6 39.6 39.6 39.6 39.6 0.0
Total final users of energy 42.5 38.6 5.3 1.4 42.5 41.6 32.9 8.8 0.9
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


This table contains figures on the supply and consumption of energy broken down by sector and by energy commodity. The energy supply is equal to the indigenous production of energy plus the receipts minus the deliveries of energy plus the stock changes. Consumption of energy is equal to the sum of own use, distribution losses, final energy consumption, non-energy use and the total net energy transformation. For each sector, the supply of energy is equal to the consumption of energy.

For some energy commodities, the total of the observed domestic deliveries is not exactly equal to the sum of the observed domestic receipts. For these energy commodities, a statistical difference arises that can not be attributed to a sector.

The breakdown into sectors follows mainly the classification as is customary in international energy statistics. This classification is based on functions of various sectors in the energy system and for several break downs on the international Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). There are two main sectors: the energy sector (companies with main activity indigenous production or transformation of energy) and energy consumers (other companies, vehicles and dwellings). In addition to a breakdown by sector, there is also a breakdown by energy commodity, such as coal, various petroleum products, natural gas, renewable energy, electricity and heat and other energy commodities like non renewable waste.

The definitions used in this table are exactly in line with the definitions in the Energy Balance table; supply, transformation and consumption. That table does not contain a breakdown by sector (excluding final energy consumption), but it does provide information about imports, exports and bunkering and also provides more detail about the energy commodities.

Data available:
From: 1990.

Status of the figures:
Figures up to and including 2022 are definite. Figures for 2023 are revised provisional.

Changes as of November 15th 2024:
The structure of the table has been adjusted. The adjustment concerns the division into sectors, with the aluminum industry now being distinguished separately within the non-ferrous metal sector.
This table has also been revised for 2015 to 2021 as a result of new methods that have also been applied for 2022 and 2023. This concerns the following components: final energy consumption of LPG, distribution of final energy consumption of motor gasoline, sector classification of gas oil/diesel within the services and transfer of energy consumption of the nuclear industry from industry to the energy sector. The natural gas consumption of the wood and wood products industry has also been improved so that it is more comparable over time. This concerns changes of a maximum of a few PJ.

Changes as of June 7th 2024:
Revised provisional figures of 2023 have been added.

Changes as of April 26th of 2024
The energy balance has been revised for 2015 and later on a limited number of points. The most important is the following:
1. For solid biomass and municipal waste, the most recent data have been included. Furthermore data were affected by integration with figures for a new, yet to be published StatLine table on the supply of solid biomass. As a result, there are some changes in receipts of energy, deliveries of energy and indigenous production of biomass of a maximum of a few PJ.
2. In the case of natural gas, an improvement has been made in the processing of data for stored LNG, which causes a shift between stock changes, receipts of energy and deliveries of energy of a maximum of a few PJ.

Changes as of March 25th of 2024:
The energy balance has been revised and restructured. This concerns mainly the following:
1. Different way of dealing with biofuels that have been mixed with fossil fuels
2. A breakdown of the natural gas balance of agriculture into greenhouse horticulture and other agriculture.
3. Final consumption of electricity in services

1. Blended biofuels
Previously, biofuels mixed with fossil fuels were counted as petroleum crude and products. In the new energy balance, blended biofuels count for renewable energy and petroleum crude and products and the underlying products (such as gasoline, diesel and kerosene) only count the fossil part of mixtures of fossil and biogenic fuels. To make this clear, the names of the energy commodities have been changed. The consequence of this adjustment is that part of the energy has been moved from petroleum to renewable. The energy balance remains the same for total energy commodities. The aim of this adjustment is to make the increasing role of blended biofuels in the Energy Balance visible and to better align with the Energy Balances published by Eurostat and the International Energy Agency. Within renewable energy, biomass, liquid biomass is now a separate energy commodity. This concerns both pure and blended biofuels.

2. Greenhouse horticulture separately
The energy consumption of agriculture in the Netherlands largely takes place in greenhouse horticulture. There is therefore a lot of attention for this sector and the need for separate data on energy consumption in greenhouse horticulture. To meet this need, the agriculture sector has been divided into two subsectors: Greenhouse horticulture and other agriculture. For the time being, we only publish separate natural gas figures for greenhouse horticulture.

3. Higher final consumption of electricity in services in 2021 and 2022.
The way in which electric road transport is treated has improved, resulting in an increase in the supply and final consumption of electricity in services by more than 2 PJ in 2021 and 2022. This also works through the supply of electricity in sector H (Transport and storage).

Changes as of November 14th 2023:
Figures for 2021 and 2022 haven been adjusted.
Figures for the Energy Balance for 2015 to 2020 have been revised regarding the following items:
- For 2109 and 2020 final consumption of heat in agriculture is a few PJ lower and for services a few PJ higher. This is the result of improved interpretation of available data in supply of heat to agriculture.
- During the production of geothermal heat by agriculture natural gas is produced as by-product. Now this is included in the energy balance. The amount increased from 0,2 PJ in 2015 to 0,7 PJ in 2020.
- There are some improvements in the data for heat in industry with a magnitude of about 1 PJ or smaller.
- There some other improvements, also about 1 PJ or smaller.

Changes as of June 15th 2023:
Revised provisional figures of 2022 have been added.

Changes as of December 15th 2022:
Figures for 1990 up to and including 2019 have been revised. The revision mainly concerns the consumption of gas- and diesel oil and energy commodities higher in the classification (total petroleum products, total crude and petroleum produtcs and total energy commodities).
The revision is twofold:
- New data for the consumption of diesel oil in mobile machine have been incorporated. Consequently, the final energy consumption of gas- and diesel oil in construction, services and agriculture increases. The biggest change is in construction (+10 PJ from 1990-2015, decreasing to 1 PJ in 2019. In agriculture the change is about 0.5-1.5 PJ from 2010 onwards and for services the change is between 0 and 3 PJ for the whole period.
- The method for dealing with the statistical difference has been adapted. Earlier from 2013 onwards a difference of about 3 percent was assumed, matching old data (up to and including 2012) on final consumption of diesel for road transport based on the dedicated tax specifically for road that existed until 2012. In the new method the statistical difference is eliminated from 2015 onwards. Final consumption of road transport is calculated as the remainder of total supply to the market of diesel minus deliveries to users other than road transport.
The first and second item affect both final consumption of road transport that decreases consequently about 5 percent from 2015 onwards. Before the adaption of the tax system for gas- and diesel oil in 2013 the statistical difference was positive (more supply than consumption). With the new data for mobile machines total consumption has been increased and the statistical difference has been reduced and is even negative for a few years.


Changes as of 1 March 2022:
Figures for 1990 up to and including 2020 have been revised. The most important change is a different way of presenting own use of electricity of power-generating installations. Previously, this was regarded as electricity and CHP transformation input. From now on, this is seen as own use, as is customary in international energy statistics. As a result, the input and net energy transformation decrease and own use increases, on average about 15 PJ per year. Final consumers also have power generating installations. That's why final consumers now also have own use, previously this was not so. In the previous revision of 2021, the new sector blast furnaces was introduced for the years 2015 up to and including 2020, which describes the transformation of coke oven coke and coking coal into blast furnace gas that takes place in the production of pig iron from iron ore. This activity was previously part of the steel industry. With this revision, the change has been put back to 1990.


When will new figures be published?
Revised provisional figures: June/July of the following year.
Definite figures: December of the second following year.

Description topics

From supply
Calculated from supply energy consumption is indigenous production plus supply of energy minus delivery of energy plus stock change plus statistical differences.
Total Primary Energy Supply
The amount of energy primarily available for consumption in the Netherlands.
Indigenous production
The capture or extraction of fuels or energy from natural energy flows, the biosphere and natural reserves of fossil fuels within the national territory in a form suitable for use. With biodiesel, biogasoline and biogas, the production of these fuels counts as indigenous production, the biogenic raw materials used for this are not yet considered as energy. Making waste suitable as an energy commodity, for example by burning it in waste incineration plants, also counts as extraction.
Receipts of energy
Energy imported, bought or received in the Netherlands.
Deliveries of energy (-)
Energy exported, sold or delivered in the Netherlands.
Stock change
Changes in stock are calculated as opening stock minus closing stock, in accordance with international energy statistics guidelines. A positive figure means that stocks have decreased, and the supply of energy has thus increased. A negative figure means the opposite: an increase in stocks and a decrease in consumption.
Statistical differences
The difference between the energy supply and energy consumption of an energy commodity.

This difference arises because the figures on supply and consumption come from different sources
For many energy commodities, the difference is allocated to supply or consumption. Then this statistical difference is nil.
From consumption
Calculated from consumption energy consumption is net energy transformation plus own use plus distribution losses plus final energy consumption plus non-energy use.
Total energy consumption
The amount of energy used by companies, households and transport in the Netherlands. Energy can be used
- for transformation into other energy commodities, this is input minus the energy produced.
- as final consumption.
Energy transformation
Transformation of one energy commodity into another. This may be a transformation from a fuel into heat or power. It may also be a physical processing of one fuel into another, like the transformation of crude oil into motor gasoline.
Total net energy transformation
The difference between transformation input and transformation output.

Total net energy transformation is the sum of:
- Net electricity/CHP transformation
- Net other transformation.

For primary energy commodities, like natural gas and hard coal, net transformation is always positive. For secondary energy commodities, like electricity or gasoline it is always negative. Obviously, the output for these commodities is higher than the input. For the total of energy commodities, this is the amount of energy lost during the transformation of energy commodities.
Net electricity/CHP transformation
Input minus output of energy transformation into:
- electricity only,
- electricity and useful heat, also known as combined heat and power (CHP). Heat has the form of steam or warm water.

For primary energy commodities, like natural gas and hard coal, net transformation is always positive. For secondary energy commodities, like electricity or gasoline it is always negative. Obviously, the output for these commodities is higher than the input. For the total of energy commodities, this is the amount of energy lost during the transformation of energy commodities.
Net other transformation
Input minus output of energy transformation into:
- another fuel, e.g. production of coal and petroleum products.
- heat only, i.e. at companies supplying heat to another company. Excludes use for CHP transformation.

For primary energy commodities, like natural gas and hard coal, net transformation is always positive. For secondary energy commodities, like electricity or motor gasoline it is always negative. Obviously, the output for these commodities is higher than the input. For the total of energy commodities, this is the amount of energy lost during the transformation of energy commodities.
Own use
The consumption of energy in installations for the production or transformation of energy and the consumption of energy by companies in the energy sector. This only concerns the necessary auxiliary energy, not the energy transformation input itself. The energy sector includes the extraction of crude petroleum and gas, coke-oven plants, blast furnaces, oil refineries and energy companies (sector D of the Standard Business Classification (SBI)). Examples of this own use are the combustion of fuels in oil refinery steam boilers to produce steam that brings the refining process to the desired temperature, the consumption of electricity for pumping natural gas from the ground, the consumption of electricity for transporting hard coal in a coal plant and the consumption of electricity by a waste incinerator for flue gas cleaning.
Distribution losses
Distribution losses of electricity and heat.

For electricity includes losses in energy distribution, transmission and transport.
Final energy consumption
Final consumption of energy. No useful energy commodity remains.

Examples are the combustion of natural gas in boilers, household electricity consumption and the consumption of motor fuels for transport.
Non-energy use
Use of an energy commodity for a product that is not energy. The energy used for the production process remains in the product. E.g. use of oil for the production of plastics, or natural gas for fertilisers.

Natural gas, non-energy use

To cope with differences in demand for natural gas in summer and winter there is a need for storage of natural gas.

An empty gas field could be adapted to be used as underground storage for natural gas (UGS). For this purpose a certain pressure is needed to facilitate quick extraction of stored natural gas.

The natural gas that has been injected in the empty field to raise the pressure is called cushion gas. This cushion gas is not part of natural gas as stocks, because it stays in the storage during the entire life time of the UGS.

The amount of natural gas injected in the field to be used as cushion gas is reflected in the energy balance sheet as part of non-energy use of natural gas.