Renewable energy; final use and avoided use fossil energy,1990-2019

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Energy sources/techniques Energy application Periods Gross final consumption renewable energy Final consumption (TJ) Gross final consumption renewable energy Final consumption relative (% total energy cons.) Avoided use of fossil energy Avoided energy (TJ) Avoided use of fossil energy Avoided energy relative (% total energy cons.) Avoided carbon dioxide emission Avoided emission (kton) Avoided carbon dioxide emission Avoided emission relative (% of total CO2 emission)
Total energy sources Total energy applications 2018 156,100 7.38 218,670 7.03 14,745 9.18
2019** 181,538 8.67 255,883 8.34 17,603 11.34
Electricity 2018 66,640 3.15 144,056 4.63 10,306 6.42
2019** 78,697 3.76 168,445 5.49 12,256 7.89
Heat 2018 68,218 3.23 53,351 1.71 2,956 1.84
2019** 76,117 3.64 60,680 1.98 3,396 2.19
Transport 2018 21,242 1.00 21,262 0.68 1,482 0.92
2019** 26,723 1.28 26,758 0.87 1,951 1.26
Hydro power Total energy applications 2018 340 0.02 748 0.02 53 0.03
2019** 335 0.02 737 0.02 52 0.03
Electricity 2018 340 0.02 748 0.02 53 0.03
2019** 335 0.02 737 0.02 52 0.03
Heat 2018
2019**
Transport 2018
2019**
Wind energy, total Total energy applications 2018 36,106 1.71 82,553 2.65 5,836 3.63
2019** 38,785 1.85 86,793 2.83 6,136 3.95
Electricity 2018 36,106 1.71 82,553 2.65 5,836 3.63
2019** 38,785 1.85 86,793 2.83 6,136 3.95
Heat 2018
2019**
Transport 2018
2019**
Wind energy on shore Total energy applications 2018 23,681 1.12 54,381 1.75 3,845 2.39
2019** 26,743 1.28 58,387 1.90 4,128 2.66
Electricity 2018 23,681 1.12 54,381 1.75 3,845 2.39
2019** 26,743 1.28 58,387 1.90 4,128 2.66
Heat 2018
2019**
Transport 2018
2019**
Wind energy off shore Total energy applications 2018 12,426 0.59 28,172 0.91 1,992 1.24
2019** 12,042 0.58 28,407 0.93 2,008 1.29
Electricity 2018 12,426 0.59 28,172 0.91 1,992 1.24
2019** 12,042 0.58 28,407 0.93 2,008 1.29
Heat 2018
2019**
Transport 2018
2019**
Solar energy Total energy applications 2018 14,451 0.68 30,492 0.98 2,139 1.33
2019** 19,789 0.95 42,230 1.38 2,968 1.91
Electricity 2018 13,295 0.63 29,284 0.94 2,070 1.29
2019** 18,613 0.89 40,999 1.34 2,899 1.87
Heat 2018 1,156 0.05 1,208 0.04 68 0.04
2019** 1,176 0.06 1,231 0.04 70 0.04
Transport 2018
2019**
Solar photovoltaic Total energy applications 2018 13,295 0.63 29,284 0.94 2,070 1.29
2019** 18,613 0.89 40,999 1.34 2,899 1.87
Electricity 2018 13,295 0.63 29,284 0.94 2,070 1.29
2019** 18,613 0.89 40,999 1.34 2,899 1.87
Heat 2018
2019**
Transport 2018
2019**
Solar thermal, total Total energy applications 2018 1,156 0.05 1,208 0.04 68 0.04
2019** 1,176 0.06 1,231 0.04 70 0.04
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 1,156 0.05 1,208 0.04 68 0.04
2019** 1,176 0.06 1,231 0.04 70 0.04
Transport 2018
2019**
Solar thermal, covered systems <= 6 m2 Total energy applications 2018 826 0.04 890 0.03 50 0.03
2019** 797 0.04 858 0.03 49 0.03
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 826 0.04 890 0.03 50 0.03
2019** 797 0.04 858 0.03 49 0.03
Transport 2018
2019**
Solar thermal, covered systems > 6 m2 Total energy applications 2018 220 0.01 237 0.01 13 0.01
2019** 276 0.01 297 0.01 17 0.01
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 220 0.01 237 0.01 13 0.01
2019** 276 0.01 297 0.01 17 0.01
Transport 2018
2019**
Solar thermal, uncovered systems Total energy applications 2018 110 0.01 81 0.00 5 0.00
2019** 104 0.00 76 0.00 4 0.00
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 110 0.01 81 0.00 5 0.00
2019** 104 0.00 76 0.00 4 0.00
Transport 2018
2019**
Total geothermal energy Total energy applications 2018 8,114 0.38 7,907 0.25 414 0.26
2019** 10,278 0.49 9,965 0.32 524 0.34
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 8,114 0.38 7,907 0.25 414 0.26
2019** 10,278 0.49 9,965 0.32 524 0.34
Transport 2018
2019**
Deep geothermal heat Total energy applications 2018 3,731 0.18 3,734 0.12 206 0.13
2019** 5,564 0.27 5,569 0.18 307 0.20
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 3,731 0.18 3,734 0.12 206 0.13
2019** 5,564 0.27 5,569 0.18 307 0.20
Transport 2018
2019**
Total deep geothermal Total energy applications 2018 4,383 0.21 4,173 0.13 208 0.13
2019** 4,714 0.23 4,396 0.14 217 0.14
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 4,383 0.21 4,173 0.13 208 0.13
2019** 4,714 0.23 4,396 0.14 217 0.14
Transport 2018
2019**
Shallow geothermal heat, total Total energy applications 2018 4,383 0.21 3,072 0.10 128 0.08
2019** 4,714 0.23 3,294 0.11 137 0.09
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 4,383 0.21 3,072 0.10 128 0.08
2019** 4,714 0.23 3,294 0.11 137 0.09
Transport 2018
2019**
Shallow geothermal heat, heat pumps Total energy applications 2018 4,383 0.21 2,905 0.09 118 0.07
2019** 4,714 0.23 3,127 0.10 127 0.08
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 4,383 0.21 2,905 0.09 118 0.07
2019** 4,714 0.23 3,127 0.10 127 0.08
Transport 2018
2019**
Shal geothermal heat, without heat pumps Total energy applications 2018 167 0.01 9 0.01
2019** 167 0.01 9 0.01
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 167 0.01 9 0.01
2019** 167 0.01 9 0.01
Transport 2018
2019**
Shallow geothermal cold Total energy applications 2018 1,102 0.04 81 0.05
2019** 1,102 0.04 81 0.05
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 1,102 0.04 81 0.05
2019** 1,102 0.04 81 0.05
Transport 2018
2019**
Aerothermal heat, total Total energy applications 2018 4,668 0.22 1,598 0.05 1 0.00
2019** 6,095 0.29 2,076 0.07 0 0.00
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 4,668 0.22 1,598 0.05 1 0.00
2019** 6,095 0.29 2,076 0.07 0 0.00
Transport 2018
2019**
Total biomass Total energy applications 2018 92,420 4.37 95,372 3.07 6,302 3.92
2019** 106,256 5.08 114,081 3.72 7,922 5.10
Electricity 2018 16,899 0.80 31,472 1.01 2,346 1.46
2019** 20,965 1.00 39,916 1.30 3,169 2.04
Heat 2018 54,279 2.57 42,638 1.37 2,474 1.54
2019** 58,568 2.80 47,408 1.54 2,802 1.81
Transport 2018 21,242 1.00 21,262 0.68 1,482 0.92
2019** 26,723 1.28 26,758 0.87 1,951 1.26
Municipal waste; renewable fraction Total energy applications 2018 16,588 0.78 21,660 0.70 1,422 0.89
2019** 15,687 0.75 19,266 0.63 1,257 0.81
Electricity 2018 7,820 0.37 13,898 0.45 983 0.61
2019** 6,910 0.33 11,838 0.39 837 0.54
Heat 2018 8,768 0.41 7,762 0.25 439 0.27
2019** 8,777 0.42 7,428 0.24 420 0.27
Transport 2018
2019**
Co-firing of biomass in electr. plants Total energy applications 2018 2,886 0.14 5,674 0.18 537 0.33
2019** 8,261 0.39 16,225 0.53 1,536 0.99
Electricity 2018 2,353 0.11 5,054 0.16 479 0.30
2019** 6,741 0.32 14,450 0.47 1,368 0.88
Heat 2018 533 0.03 620 0.02 59 0.04
2019** 1,520 0.07 1,774 0.06 168 0.11
Transport 2018
2019**
Total biomass households Total energy applications 2018 16,446 0.78 11,115 0.36 629 0.39
2019** 16,278 0.78 11,168 0.36 632 0.41
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 16,446 0.78 11,115 0.36 629 0.39
2019** 16,278 0.78 11,168 0.36 632 0.41
Transport 2018
2019**
Biomass households, open fireplaces Total energy applications 2018 2,103 0.10 221 0.01 13 0.01
2019** 2,008 0.10 211 0.01 12 0.01
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 2,103 0.10 221 0.01 13 0.01
2019** 2,008 0.10 211 0.01 12 0.01
Transport 2018
2019**
Biomass households, inserts Total energy applications 2018 2,421 0.11 1,672 0.05 95 0.06
2019** 2,266 0.11 1,613 0.05 91 0.06
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 2,421 0.11 1,672 0.05 95 0.06
2019** 2,266 0.11 1,613 0.05 91 0.06
Transport 2018
2019**
Biomass households, wood stoves Total energy applications 2018 10,713 0.51 8,382 0.27 474 0.30
2019** 10,421 0.50 8,168 0.27 462 0.30
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 10,713 0.51 8,382 0.27 474 0.30
2019** 10,421 0.50 8,168 0.27 462 0.30
Transport 2018
2019**
Biomass households, pellet stoves Total energy applications 2018 939 0.04 840 0.03 48 0.03
2019** 1,313 0.06 1,175 0.04 67 0.04
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 939 0.04 840 0.03 48 0.03
2019** 1,313 0.06 1,175 0.04 67 0.04
Transport 2018
2019**
Biomass households, charcoal use Total energy applications 2018 270 0.01
2019** 270 0.01
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 270 0.01
2019** 270 0.01
Transport 2018
2019**
Biomassboilers companies, total Total energy applications 2018 22,338 1.06 21,401 0.69 1,288 0.80
2019** 25,181 1.20 25,238 0.82 1,518 0.98
Electricity 2018 3,033 0.14 5,448 0.18 385 0.24
2019** 3,426 0.16 6,320 0.21 447 0.29
Heat 2018 19,306 0.91 15,953 0.51 903 0.56
2019** 21,755 1.04 18,918 0.62 1,071 0.69
Transport 2018
2019**
Biomassboliers companies, electricity Total energy applications 2018 10,589 0.50 10,930 0.35 695 0.43
2019** 12,733 0.61 13,490 0.44 853 0.55
Electricity 2018 3,033 0.14 5,448 0.18 385 0.24
2019** 3,426 0.16 6,320 0.21 447 0.29
Heat 2018 7,557 0.36 5,482 0.18 310 0.19
2019** 9,307 0.44 7,170 0.23 406 0.26
Transport 2018
2019**
Biomassboliers companies, heat only Total energy applications 2018 11,749 0.56 10,471 0.34 593 0.37
2019** 12,448 0.59 11,748 0.38 665 0.43
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 11,749 0.56 10,471 0.34 593 0.37
2019** 12,448 0.59 11,748 0.38 665 0.43
Transport 2018
2019**
Total biogas Total energy applications 2018 11,295 0.53 12,653 0.41 822 0.51
2019** 12,412 0.59 13,748 0.45 896 0.58
Electricity 2018 3,693 0.17 7,071 0.23 500 0.31
2019** 3,888 0.19 7,308 0.24 517 0.33
Heat 2018 7,294 0.34 5,255 0.17 297 0.19
2019** 7,734 0.37 5,615 0.18 318 0.20
Transport 2018 308 0.01 327 0.01 24 0.02
2019** 790 0.04 825 0.03 61 0.04
Biogas from landfills Total energy applications 2018 279 0.01 376 0.01 24 0.02
2019** 280 0.01 376 0.01 24 0.02
Electricity 2018 103 0.00 196 0.01 14 0.01
2019** 104 0.00 198 0.01 14 0.01
Heat 2018 165 0.01 168 0.01 9 0.01
2019** 154 0.01 155 0.01 9 0.01
Transport 2018 12 0.00 12 0.00 1 0.00
2019** 22 0.00 23 0.00 2 0.00
Biogas from sewage water purification Total energy applications 2018 2,073 0.10 1,963 0.06 132 0.08
2019** 2,207 0.11 2,115 0.07 142 0.09
Electricity 2018 714 0.03 1,489 0.05 105 0.07
2019** 753 0.04 1,566 0.05 111 0.07
Heat 2018 1,353 0.06 467 0.01 26 0.02
2019** 1,432 0.07 525 0.02 30 0.02
Transport 2018 7 0.00 7 0.00 1 0.00
2019** 22 0.00 23 0.00 2 0.00
Biogas, co-digestion of manure Total energy applications 2018 4,474 0.21 5,604 0.18 371 0.23
2019** 4,998 0.24 6,028 0.20 397 0.26
Electricity 2018 1,871 0.09 3,704 0.12 262 0.16
2019** 1,880 0.09 3,599 0.12 254 0.16
Heat 2018 2,544 0.12 1,838 0.06 104 0.06
2019** 2,838 0.14 2,136 0.07 121 0.08
Transport 2018 58 0.00 62 0.00 5 0.00
2019** 281 0.01 293 0.01 22 0.01
Other biogas Total energy applications 2018 4,469 0.21 4,710 0.15 295 0.18
2019** 4,926 0.24 5,229 0.17 332 0.21
Electricity 2018 1,005 0.05 1,681 0.05 119 0.07
2019** 1,151 0.05 1,945 0.06 138 0.09
Heat 2018 3,232 0.15 2,782 0.09 157 0.10
2019** 3,311 0.16 2,799 0.09 158 0.10
Transport 2018 231 0.01 246 0.01 18 0.01
2019** 465 0.02 485 0.02 36 0.02
Liquid biofuels for transport, total Total energy applications 2018 22,868 1.08 22,868 0.73 1,604 1.00
2019** 28,437 1.36 28,437 0.93 2,083 1.34
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 1,933 0.09 1,933 0.06 146 0.09
2019** 2,504 0.12 2,504 0.08 193 0.12
Transport 2018 20,935 0.99 20,935 0.67 1,458 0.91
2019** 25,933 1.24 25,933 0.84 1,890 1.22
Biogasoline Total energy applications 2018 7,146 0.34 7,146 0.23 415 0.26
2019** 8,321 0.40 8,321 0.27 530 0.34
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018
2019**
Transport 2018 7,146 0.34 7,146 0.23 415 0.26
2019** 8,321 0.40 8,321 0.27 530 0.34
Biodiesel Total energy applications 2018 15,722 0.74 15,722 0.51 1,189 0.74
2019** 20,116 0.96 20,116 0.66 1,553 1.00
Electricity 2018
2019**
Heat 2018 1,933 0.09 1,933 0.06 146 0.09
2019** 2,504 0.12 2,504 0.08 193 0.12
Transport 2018 13,788 0.65 13,788 0.44 1,043 0.65
2019** 17,612 0.84 17,612 0.57 1,360 0.88
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


Renewable energy is energy from wind, hydro power, the sun, the earth, biomass and heat from outdoor air. This is energy from natural processes that is replenished constantly.

This table expresses the use of renewable energy in three ways:
1. Gross final consumption
2. Avoided use of fossil energy
3. Avoided emissions of carbon dioxide
Figures are presented in an absolute way, as wel as related to the total energy use or total emissions of carbon dioxide in the Netherlands.

Avoiding the use of fossil energy and avoiding emissions of carbon dioxide are important underlying aims for stimulation the use of renewable energy.

The figures are broken down into energy source/technique and into application (electricity, heat and transport).

Data available from:
1990 to 2019, annually

Status of the figures:
This table contains definite figures until 2018 and revised provisional for 2019.
Since this table is discontinued, the figures will not become definite.

Changes as of February 2021:
None; this table is discontinued

When will new figures be published?
No longer applicable.

This table is succeeded by Renewable energy; final use and Avoided use of fossil energy and emission of CO2. See section 3.

Description topics

Gross final consumption renewable energy
Gross final consumption of renewable energy follows the definition from the EU directive for renewable energy from 2009. It is calculated as the sum of three parts:
1. Gross production of electricity from renewable sources
2. Gross production of sold heat from renewable sources
3. Final consumption of energy from the earth, outdoor air, the sun and biomass.
Unsold heat from renewable sources (for example wood stoves in households) is included in final consumption of renewable energy.
Imports and exports of green electricity is not included.
Final consumption
In this table, the unit TeraJoule (TJ) is used. This equals 1,000,000,000,000 joules (10 to the power of 12). A joule is a unit of energy equivalent to 0.24 calories. A TJ is equivalent to 31 600 cubic meters of natural gas or 278 000 kilowatt-hours of electricity.
Final consumption relative
Gross final consumption of renewable energy as percentage of total gross final energetic energy consumption, calculated according the definitions from the EU directive on renewable energy from 2009. Total gross final energetic energy consumption is the sum of three parts:
1. Energetic final use of the end use sectors manufacturing industry (excluding refineries), households, services, agriculture, fishing and transport.
2. Distribution losses of electricity and heat
3. Own use of electricity and heat by the producers of electricity and sold heat.
Avoided use of fossil energy
The avoided use of fossil primary energy is the amount of fossil (and nuclear) energy that would have been used if renewable energy was not
used.
The avoided use of fossil primary energy is the sum of:
1. The avoided use of fossil primary energy by the domestic production of electricity, heat and gas from renewable sources.
2. The avoided use of fossil energy by the biofuels for road transport sold on the domestic market.
Imports and exports of green electricity is not included.
Avoided energy
In this table, the unit TeraJoule (TJ) is used. This equals 1,000,000,000,000 joules (10 to the power of 12). A joule is a unit of energy equivalent to 0.24 calories. A TJ is equivalent to 31 600 cubic meters of natural gas or 278 000 kilowatt-hours of electricity.
Avoided energy relative
Primary energy equivalents as percentage of the total domestic energy consumption. Total domestic energy consumption is defined as the supply of energy (primary production plus imports) minus the flows that leave the country (exports, bunkers for international transport) plus or minus stock changes.
Avoided carbon dioxide emission
The amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted if no use is made of renewable energy technology. The amount of carbon dioxide is calculated in accordance with the methodology of the Protocol Monitoring Renewable Energy (AgentschapNL, 2010). It covers domestic production of renewable electricity, heat and gas. Imports of green electricity is not included.
This methodology only considers the avoided emission by the use of the renewable energy at the final stage: production of renewable electricity, heat and gas. The earlier stages are not included. For biofuels for road transport greenhouse gas emissions of the earlier stages may be substantial. Therefore, for these biofuels no avoided CO2 emissions are published.
Avoided emission
1 kton = 1,000 ton = 1 million kg.
Avoided emission relative
Avoided emission of carbon dioxide as percentage of the total Dutch CO2 emission according to the IPCC guidelines (Kyoto Protocol).

CO2 emission figures are provisional.