Approaches of domestic product (GDP); NA, 1969-2016
Explanation of symbols
Table explanation
This table presents annual data on the output components, the final expenditure categories and the income components of gross domestic product of the Netherlands. In the national accounts gross domestic product is approached from three points of view: from the output, from the generation of income and from the final expenditure. Gross domestic product is a main macroeconomic indicator. The volume change of gross domestic product is a measure for the economic growth of a country.
Data available from: 1969 up to and including 2016.
Status of the figures:
Data from 1969 up to and including 2015 are final. Data of 2016 are provisional. Since this table has been discontinued, data of 2016 will not become final.
Changes as of June 22nd 2018:
None. This table has been discontinued.
Statistics Netherlands has carried out a revision of the national accounts. New statistical sources and estimation methods have been used during the revision. Therefore this table has been replaced by table Approaches of domestic product (GDP); National Accounts. For further information see section 3.
When will new figures be published?
Not applicable anymore.
Description topics
- GDP from the output
- The way GDP is formed by underlying components in the so-called production approach. In this approach GDP equals the sum of value added over all branches (including non-commercial ones). Value added is thereby registered at basic prices. GDP at market prices is obtained by adding taxes less subsidies on production and the difference between imputed and paid VAT. The included taxes and subsidies apply both to produced and imported goods and services. Examples of these are VAT and taxes on import.
- Value at current prices
- The values are expressed at prices of the reporting period. Alternatively, values may be expressed at constant prices. In this case, prices of a reference period are used.
- Output at basic prices
- The ensemble of goods and services produced. Also called production. Three types of output are distinguished:
- market output: goods and services sold at a market or intended for sale at a market
- the own-account production of all goods that are retained by their producers for their own final consumption or gross fixed capital formation.
- non-market output: goods and services delivered for free or at economically non-significant prices to other units
Output is valued at basic prices. These are the prices experienced by the producers: product-related taxes have been subtracted from the original prices, subsidies haven been added to them. Costs of transportation, when charged separately by the producer, are not included. Changes in the values of financial and non-financial assets during the reference period are not included either.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, including those that are held by foreign owners. The kind-of-activity units include general government units and other non-commercial units.
- Intermediate consumption (-)
- Goods and services used as input in a production process, with the exception of capital goods. Intermediate consumption consists of goods reshaped into other goods or consumed entirely in the course of the production process (by definition, this holds for all hired services). According to international standards an acquired good or hired service is classified as a fixed asset rather than intermediate consumption when it lasts over one year in a production process. Goods and services that are part of intermediate consumption are valued at market prices at the time they were used.
- Gross value added basic prices
- The value of all goods and services produced (‘production value’ or ‘output’), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production. Value added is rated at basic prices, the prices experienced by the producer: per branch product related taxes have been subtracted from the original prices, and subsidies haven been added to them.
Value added at market prices of the total economy (GDP) is calculated as follows:
total value added at basic prices of industries
plus: balance of taxes and subsidies on products
plus: difference imputed and paid VAT
= GDP (market prices)
VAT, taxes on imports and subsidies on re-exports cannot be attributed to individual industries. Therefore, GDP at market prices cannot be broken down completely by industry.
Value added can be valued gross (including consumption of fixed capital) or net (excluding consumption of fixed capital).- Total
- A Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- F Construction
- Construction
- G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering
- Trade, transport, hotels, catering
This category is made up of the categories:
G Wholesale and retail trade
H Transportation and storage
I Accommodation and food serving
- J Information and communication
- Information and communication
- K Financial institutions
- Financial institutions
- L Renting, buying, selling real estate
- Renting, buying, selling of real estate
- M-N Business services
- Business services
This category is made up of the categories:
M Consultancy, research and other specialised business services
N Renting and leasing of tangible goods and other business support services
- O-Q Government and care
- Government and care
This category is made up of the categories:
O Public administration, public services and compulsory social security
P Education
Q Health and social work activities
- R-U Culture, recreation, other services
- Culture, recreation, other services
This category is made up of the categories:
R Culture, sports and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and service- producing activities of households for own use
U Extraterritorial organisations
- Difference imputed and paid VAT
- Imputed VAT differs from VAT actually paid to the government. This is due to acquittals, bad debts, fines, the Regulation for small entrepreneurs and VAT evasion. The difference is not allocated to different branches, but added to the sum of value added at basic prices plus product-related taxes minus subsidies on the level of the economy as a whole. Thus GDP at market prices is obtained.
- Gross domestic product
- Gross domestic product (GDP) is a quantity that expresses the size of an economy. The volume change of GDP during a reference period expresses the growth or shrinkage of the economy. Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways:
- production approach: GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account;
- expenditure approach: GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services;
- income approach: GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account (compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, gross operating surplus and mixed income of the total economy).
Net domestic product at market prices (NDP) can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP.
- Value at prices of 2010
- The values are expressed at prices of the reference period 2010 by taking account of inflation. Alternatively, values may be expressed at prices of the reporting period.
- Output at basic prices
- The ensemble of goods and services produced. Also called production. Three types of output are distinguished:
- market output: goods and services sold at a market or intended for sale at a market
- the own-account production of all goods that are retained by their producers for their own final consumption or gross fixed capital formation.
- non-market output: goods and services delivered for free or at economically non-significant prices to other units
Output is valued at basic prices. These are the prices experienced by the producers: product-related taxes have been subtracted from the original prices, subsidies haven been added to them. Costs of transportation, when charged separately by the producer, are not included. Changes in the values of financial and non-financial assets during the reference period are not included either.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, including those that are held by foreign owners. The kind-of-activity units include general government units and other non-commercial units.
- Intermediate consumption (-)
- Goods and services used as input in a production process, with the exception of capital goods. Intermediate consumption consists of goods reshaped into other goods or consumed entirely in the course of the production process (by definition, this holds for all hired services). According to international standards an acquired good or hired service is classified as a fixed asset rather than intermediate consumption when it lasts over one year in a production process. Goods and services that are part of intermediate consumption are valued at market prices at the time they were used.
- Gross value added basic prices
- The value of all goods and services produced (‘production value’ or ‘output’), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production. Value added is rated at basic prices, the prices experienced by the producer: per branch product related taxes have been subtracted from the original prices, and subsidies haven been added to them.
Value added at market prices of the total economy (GDP) is calculated as follows:
total value added at basic prices of industries
plus: balance of taxes and subsidies on products
plus: difference imputed and paid VAT
= GDP (market prices)
VAT, taxes on imports and subsidies on re-exports cannot be attributed to individual industries. Therefore, GDP at market prices cannot be broken down completely by industry.
Value added can be valued gross (including consumption of fixed capital) or net (excluding consumption of fixed capital).- Total
- A Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- F Construction
- Construction
- G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering
- Trade, transport, hotels, catering
This category is made up of the categories:
G Wholesale and retail trade
H Transportation and storage
I Accommodation and food serving
- J Information and communication
- Information and communication
- K Financial institutions
- Financial institutions
- L Renting, buying, selling real estate
- Renting, buying, selling of real estate
- M-N Business services
- Business services
This category is made up of the categories:
M Consultancy, research and other specialised business services
N Renting and leasing of tangible goods and other business support services
- O-Q Government and care
- Government and care
This category is made up of the categories:
O Public administration, public services and compulsory social security
P Education
Q Health and social work activities
- R-U Culture, recreation, other services
- Culture, recreation, other services
This category is made up of the categories:
R Culture, sports and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and service- producing activities of households for own use
U Extraterritorial organisations
- Difference imputed and paid VAT
- Imputed VAT differs from VAT actually paid to the government. This is due to acquittals, bad debts, fines, the Regulation for small entrepreneurs and VAT evasion. The difference is not allocated to different branches, but added to the sum of value added at basic prices plus product-related taxes minus subsidies on the level of the economy as a whole. Thus GDP at market prices is obtained.
- Gross domestic product
- Gross domestic product (GDP) is a quantity that expresses the size of an economy. The volume change of GDP during a reference period expresses the growth or shrinkage of the economy. Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways:
- production approach: GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account;
- expenditure approach: GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services;
- income approach: GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account (compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, gross operating surplus and mixed income of the total economy).
Net domestic product at market prices (NDP) can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP.
- Volume changes on previous year
- Volume changes on previous year
The weighted average of the changes in the quantity and quality of the components of a certain goods or service transaction or balancing item, annual percentage changes.- Gross value added basic prices
- The value of all goods and services produced (‘production value’ or ‘output’), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production. Value added is rated at basic prices, the prices experienced by the producer: per branch product related taxes have been subtracted from the original prices, and subsidies haven been added to them.
Value added at market prices of the total economy (GDP) is calculated as follows:
total value added at basic prices of industries
plus: balance of taxes and subsidies on products
plus: difference imputed and paid VAT
= GDP (market prices)
VAT, taxes on imports and subsidies on re-exports cannot be attributed to individual industries. Therefore, GDP at market prices cannot be broken down completely by industry.
Value added can be valued gross (including consumption of fixed capital) or net (excluding consumption of fixed capital).- Total
- A Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- F Construction
- Construction
- G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering
- Trade, transport, hotels, catering
This category is made up of the categories:
G Wholesale and retail trade
H Transportation and storage
I Accommodation and food serving
- J Information and communication
- Information and communication
- K Financial institutions
- Financial institutions
- L Renting, buying, selling real estate
- Renting, buying, selling of real estate
- M-N Business services
- Business services
This category is made up of the categories:
M Consultancy, research and other specialised business services
N Renting and leasing of tangible goods and other business support services
- O-Q Government and care
- Government and care
This category is made up of the categories:
O Public administration, public services and compulsory social security
P Education
Q Health and social work activities
- R-U Culture, recreation, other services
- Culture, recreation, other services
This category is made up of the categories:
R Culture, sports and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and service- producing activities of households for own use
U Extraterritorial organisations
- Price indices
- The weighted average of the price changes of the components of a certain variable. Deflators relative to the reference year 2010.
- Gross value added basic prices
- The value of all goods and services produced (‘production value’ or ‘output’), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production. Value added is rated at basic prices, the prices experienced by the producer: per branch product related taxes have been subtracted from the original prices, and subsidies haven been added to them.
Value added at market prices of the total economy (GDP) is calculated as follows:
total value added at basic prices of industries
plus: balance of taxes and subsidies on products
plus: difference imputed and paid VAT
= GDP (market prices)
VAT, taxes on imports and subsidies on re-exports cannot be attributed to individual industries. Therefore, GDP at market prices cannot be broken down completely by industry.
Value added can be valued gross (including consumption of fixed capital) or net (excluding consumption of fixed capital).- Total
- A Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- F Construction
- Construction
- G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering
- Trade, transport, hotels, catering
This category is made up of the categories:
G Wholesale and retail trade
H Transportation and storage
I Accommodation and food serving
- J Information and communication
- Information and communication
- K Financial institutions
- Financial institutions
- L Renting, buying, selling real estate
- Renting, buying, selling of real estate
- M-N Business services
- Business services
This category is made up of the categories:
M Consultancy, research and other specialised business services
N Renting and leasing of tangible goods and other business support services
- O-Q Government and care
- Government and care
This category is made up of the categories:
O Public administration, public services and compulsory social security
P Education
Q Health and social work activities
- R-U Culture, recreation, other services
- Culture, recreation, other services
This category is made up of the categories:
R Culture, sports and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and service- producing activities of households for own use
U Extraterritorial organisations
- GDP from the generation of income
- The way GDP is formed by underlying components in the so-called income approach. In this approach the components are the incomes generated from production activities: compensation of employees and operating surplus / mixed income. To remain consistent with GDP at market prices, taxes less subsidies on production and imports (not necessarily product-related) are added.
- Value at current prices
- The values are expressed at prices of the reporting period. Alternatively, values may be expressed at constant prices. In this case, prices of a reference period are used.
- Gross domestic product
- Gross domestic product (GDP) is a quantity that expresses the size of an economy. The volume change of GDP during a reference period expresses the growth or shrinkage of the economy. Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways:
- production approach: GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account;
- expenditure approach: GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services;
- income approach: GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account (compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, gross operating surplus and mixed income of the total economy).
Net domestic product at market prices (NDP) can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP.
- Value at prices of 2010
- The values are expressed at prices of the reference period 2010 by taking account of inflation. Alternatively, values may be expressed at prices of the reporting period.
- Gross domestic product
- Gross domestic product (GDP) is a quantity that expresses the size of an economy. The volume change of GDP during a reference period expresses the growth or shrinkage of the economy. Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways:
- production approach: GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account;
- expenditure approach: GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services;
- income approach: GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account (compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, gross operating surplus and mixed income of the total economy).
Net domestic product at market prices (NDP) can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP.
- GDP from the final expenditure
- The way GDP is formed by underlying components in the so-called expenditure approach. In this approach the components are consumption by households, consumption by the general government, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and exports, minus imports. Consumption, fixed capital formation and changes in inventories add up to the so-called national final expenditure. By adding exports final expenditure is obtained. Intermediate consumption, goods and services used upon production, is not part of final expenditure.
- Value at current prices
- The values are expressed at prices of the reporting period. Alternatively, values may be expressed at constant prices. In this case, prices of a reference period are used.
- Gross domestic product
- Gross domestic product (GDP) is a quantity that expresses the size of an economy. The volume change of GDP during a reference period expresses the growth or shrinkage of the economy. Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways:
- production approach: GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account;
- expenditure approach: GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services;
- income approach: GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account (compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, gross operating surplus and mixed income of the total economy).
Net domestic product at market prices (NDP) can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP.
- Value at prices of 2010
- The values are expressed at prices of the reference period 2010 by taking account of inflation. Alternatively, values may be expressed at prices of the reporting period.
- Gross domestic product
- Gross domestic product (GDP) is a quantity that expresses the size of an economy. The volume change of GDP during a reference period expresses the growth or shrinkage of the economy. Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways:
- production approach: GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account;
- expenditure approach: GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services;
- income approach: GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account (compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, gross operating surplus and mixed income of the total economy).
Net domestic product at market prices (NDP) can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP.