Estimation of level and change for unemployment
![](https://cdn.cbs.nl/images/7856384a59434c2b712f63424c7256427436754c4b413d3d/900x450.jpg)
time-series models are fit using a Kalman filter and smoother whereas the multilevel models are fit using a Gibbs sampler approach. Monthly unemployment estimates of level and change and accompanying standard errors based on the two model approaches are compared for the twelve provinces of the Netherlands.